How to Cite Quantinuum Systems¶
Third-Party Citations in Academic Papers¶
Quantinuum produces and provides access to trapped ion quantum computers. This document provides guidelines on how to cite use of Quantinuum Systems for third-party academic papers. If you would like to reference Quantinuum hardware in another context, such as a press release, please contact Quantinuum at press@quantinuum.com.
Generational Models¶
System Model H1 & H2¶
A quantum computing model is a generation of Quantinuum hardware using a specific ion-trap geometry. To refer to the model of a Quantinuum quantum computer, state Quantinuum System Model HX where X designates the specific geometry of the ion trap. Note that the name follows Title Case.
Example 1: Quantinuum System Model H1 is a generation of quantum computers with a single linear geometry.
Example 2: Quantinuum System Model H2 is a generation of quantum computers with a racetrack geometry.
Quantinuum Helios model¶
A quantum computing model is a generation of Quantinuum hardware using a specific ion-trap geometry. To refer to models (after H2), state Quantinuum <MODEL> where
Example: Quantinuum Helios is a generation of quantum computers with a tuning fork shape.
Machines¶
System Model H2 machines¶
Individual Quantinuum machines are designated by the HX-Y nomenclature where X is the quantum computer’s model and Y is the specific device.
Example: The Quantinuum H2-1 and H2-2 quantum computers are two quantum computers using the System Model H2 design.
Quantinuum Helios machines¶
With Helios and beyond, Quantinuum machines are designated by <MODEL>-Y, where <MODEL> designates the quantum computer’s model and Y is the specific device.
Example: The Quantinuum Helios-1 quantum computer is a quantum computers using the Quantinuum Helios design.
Quantinuum Reimei machines¶
With the System Model H1 generation machine deployed in Japan, the geometry and the name of the machine are specified.
Example: The Quantinuum Reimei quantum computer is a quantum computer using the System Model H1 design.
Emulators¶
System Model H2 emulators¶
Quantinuum emulators model individual Quantinuum machines. For example, the H2-1 emulator emulates the H2-1 machine. To reference use of an emulator, state HX-Y emulator for the specific emulator used.
Example: This experiment used the Quantinuum H2-1 emulator.
Quantinuum Helios emulators¶
To reference use of an emulator, state <MODEL>-Y emulator for the specific emulator used.
Example: This experiment used the Quantinuum Helios-1 emulator.
Quantinuum Reimei emulators¶
To reference regional emulator instances, such Reimei-E.
Example: This calculation uses the Quantinuum Reimei emulator.
Research Papers¶
All research papers running experiments on Quantinuum quantum computers should cite the specific device and dates of the experiment. For example:
Quantinuum H2-1. https://www.quantinuum.com/, June 20-22, 2025.
If experiments were run on more than one individual machine, note this as follows:
Quantinuum Helios-1, H2-2. https://www.quantinuum.com/, June 20-July 15, 2025.